Delivering on the Promise of HIEs

/in /by

Health Information Exchange (HIE) is a key component in the move toward meaningful use of electronic health records. Because working with an HIE is relatively new to many in Public Health, there are a number of questions surrounding it. One of the biggest involves how the state’s HIE will support public health needs for the collection and monitoring of healthcare data. This data can include syndromic surveillance data, notifiable condition data, immunization, health registries, or other unique projects.

That is a tough question. To answer it, we need to fill in the landscape a little bit.

Going back to 2006, Health Monitoring Systems (HMS) completed a study of existing functional health information exchanges. At the time, they were referred to as RHIOs – Regional Health Information Organizations. We undertook the study with the expectation that EpiCenter, our Syndromic Surveillance system, would need to work—from day one—in concert with the evolving RHIOs.

To our great surprise, we found that only two RHIOs nationally were viable and functional. Our research wasn’t exhaustive but it involved an active search for functional, self-sustaining RHIOs.

–KJH

So What Happened?

The big question then (and now) is why HIEs/RHIOs haven’t thrived. The benefits of exchanging healthcare data seem obvious. In our research, Dr. Andrew Walsh was able to demonstrate time savings, improved care, and financial savings associated with HIE use.

Despite these proven benefits, undefined costs remain—notably, who pays for the HIE?

The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) provided funding for HIE creation. Along with the standards supported through ONC, two substantial barriers have been lowered.

The jury is still out on whether the result will be a long-term, financially viable health information exchange.

Public Health Dilema

Public health has a need for data, and that need is constantly growing—from monitoring current health conditions to event response and measuring the effectiveness of public policy.

The promise of HIE was that it would lower the burden on public health for data collection while improving the range of data available. It has yet to deliver.

On a positive note, the promise of HIE has forced public health to collaborate and support the HIEs. But short-term issues still remain.

Recommendation


HMS fully supports the overall vision of HIE. We are anxiously awaiting the opportunity to provide our clients with access to a wider range of data. But the possibilities for improving the delivery of healthcare through IT cannot be fully realized until HIE is ubiquitous throughout the country.

Until then, we strongly recommend that public health engage the state HIE in a pragmatic way:

• Realize that the two primary goals of the HIE are to achieve long-term financial viability and demonstrate short-term benefit. These two goals may be in conflict over time, as available funding is reduced for the HIE.
• Create well-defined, tightly scoped demonstration projects that evaluate the feasibility of using the HIE for data access
• Develop technical and administrative relationships with the HIE to ensure that the public health IT roadmap and the HIE roadmap are compatible
• Keep HIE success off of the critical path for urgent data collection projects—until all of the kinks are worked out technically, politically, and financially.

For syndromic surveillance, we recommend engaging the state HIE in a demonstration project that includes data collection from a small number of facilities. The project could provide redundant data through the HIE while taking advantage of the greater breadth of surveillance data available through the HIE. A demonstration project benefits both public health and the HIE, while revealing potential problems for more critical, longer term, and complicated engagements.

Most importantly, it supports the long-term vision and need for effective health information exchange and starts the engagement out on a positive note.

The Challenges of Meeting Meaningful Use Requirements: What We’re Hearing from Public Health

/in /by

In a previous HMS blog entry, Vice President of Business Development Penn Krause provided insights on the article Public Health Struggling to meet Meaningful Use Challenges.  As our friends in Public Health know, this isn’t new news. Last July, Barbara White (@frombarbara) tweeted the struggles of local public health officials (see Tech Target)

While it’s true that Public Health departments are wrestling with hard decisions on how to move forward—quickly—I don’t believe that should be defined as struggling.

We are in a unique position at HMS; we are working with a number of hospitals and health departments across the country, hearing their stories of what is working and what isn’t. Let’s consider some basic questions we hear from public health departments all across the country—these issues have arisen in just the past month:

  • How do I fund this? Will the funds be available on an ongoing basis?
  • Who is responsible for coordinating with Medicare and Medicaid to support self-attestation?
  • The state hospital association wants to preview and approve the data requirements before we submit them to the hospitals, is that the right approach?
  • My eligible professionals desperately want to connect, but they are lacking in funding and technical expertise. One hospital system won’t connect unless we’re able to work with all of their allied EPs concurrently.
  • There is a lot of pressure to work with the state HIE but it isn’t even operable yet.  Syndromic, lab, and immunization data aren’t even on their radar.  The implementation plan would require us to write a query mechanism to pull, not just get the data.  What am I supposed to do?
  • What technical resources will I need? I am not familiar with HL7 and data collection. I don’t have the background to understand and implement the ISDS recommendations for syndromic surveillance.
  • What is a test message? I have a hospital that sent one message, but it was garbled and our system failed. Does this count as a success?

These inquiries prove that Public Health’s challenges are very real, and continually evolving. Most issues revolve around collaboration efforts with other branches of government, organizations, associations, and vendors—anyone who has worked in that environment knows it isn’t a struggle; it is an endurance event.

We’ll be following up with additional blog posts on recommendations and best practices based on what we’ve seen. If you have the chance, post comments with your thoughts, or drop us a line at blog@hmsinc.com.

–kjh

ONC Acknowledges Meaningful Use Implementation Challenges; Offers Solutions

/in /by

Dr. Farzad Mostashari, the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology, challenged public health departments to take advantage of Meaningful Use reimbursement incentives. These incentives are available to providers who meet the Syndromic Surveillance requirements of Meaningful Use. Despite these enticing incentives, public health departments continue to face implementation challenges—one of the biggest being budget constraints. This article discusses how the ONC is modifying regulations in an attempt to address this issue.

–Penn

Three meaningful use objectives are focused on public health reporting: reporting to immunization registries, electronic lab reporting of reportable conditions, and syndromic surveillance.

Because of the difficulties public health agencies have had testing connections and onboarding a deluge of hospitals and eligible professionals, ONC made a significant change to ease the pressure: Hospitals and EPs that are in the testing queue with a state agency to exchange public health data can attest they have met that requirement, until such time they’re required to submit production data.

The reason for the change is that public health simply can’t keep up, Foldy told a packed room at the HIE symposium Monday, Feb. 20 at the HIMSS12 conference in Las Vegas. The agencies must replace their legacy systems to use national standards, as do most of their providers, while at the same time public health has been hit hard by state belt-tightening. More than 50,000 public health workers have been pink-slipped, along getting their budgets chopped, and information exchange initiatives such as the CDC’s BioSense project also faced funding shortfalls.

Read more here …

Stage 2 Meaningful Use Implementation: Deriving Opportunities from Challenges

/in /by

The proposed rules for Stage 2 Syndromic Surveillance present both a challenge and an opportunity for public health professionals. Now that the Stage 2 requirements have been submitted for public comment, there are less than two years remaining before Syndromic Surveillance becomes mandatory. Non-compliance will result in ineligibility for Medicare and Medicaid reimbursements.

The greatest challenge ahead lies in connecting hospitals to the Syndromic Surveillance systems set up by state and local health departments. In addition to the monetary incentives for compliance, Syndromic Surveillance offers an opportunity for public health professionals to easily access timely, critical health information. Associated with this challenge is another opportunity—to work closely with hospital associations and medical societies. These organizations are engaged in communicating with their member hospitals to answer questions that arise as they face their own Meaningful Use challenges.

Now more than ever, building strong relationships with hospital associations is especially beneficial to public health. Hospital associations are actively seeking public health’s guidance through the Meaningful Use and Syndromic Surveillance implementation process.

A good deal of the work at HMS is focused on coordinating with hospital associations and public health to connect the remaining acute care facilities to the system. We’ve discovered that there is significant enthusiasm—and a willing audience ready to relay messages and coordinate webinars—for the overall process.The end result is a win-win-win situation for all: the hospital association, hospital, and public health.

— kjh

Meaningful Use – Excerpts from Proposed Rules Affecting Syndromic Surveillance

/in /by

The following is excerpted from the proposed rules, posted form comment at http://www.ofr.gov/OFRUpload/OFRData/2012-04443_PI.pdf.  For convenience, the rules related to public health and syndromic surveillance are reproduced below, with a quick link to the PDF document for the citation.

–kjh

from pages 35 …

c.  State Flexibility for Stage 2 of Meaningful Use

We propose to offer States flexibility with the public health measures in Stage 2, similar to that of Stage 1, subject to the same conditions and standards as the Stage 1 flexibility policy.  This applies to the public health measures as well as the measure to generate lists of specific conditions to use for quality improvement, reduction of disparities, research or outreach.

In addition, whether moved to the core or left in the menu, States may also specify the means of transmission of the data or otherwise change the public health measure, as long as it does not require EHR functionality above and beyond that which is included in the ONC EHR certification criteria as finalized for Stage 2 of meaningful use.

We solicit comment on extending State flexibility as described for Stage 2 of meaningful use and whether this remains a useful tool for State Medicaid agencies.

d.  Stage 2 Criteria for Meaningful Use (Core Set and Menu Set)

We are proposing to continue the Stage 1 concept of a core set of objectives and a menu set of objectives for Stage 2.  In the Stage 1 final rule (75 FR 44322), we indicated that for Stage 2, we expected to include the Stage 1 menu set objectives in the core set.  We propose to follow that approach for our Stage 2 core set with two exceptions.  We are proposing to keep the objective of “capability to submit electronic syndromic surveillance data to public health agencies” in the menu set for EPs.  Our experience with Stage 1 is that very few public health agencies have the ability to accept ambulatory syndromic surveillance data electronically and those that do are less likely to support EPs than hospitals; therefore we do not believe that current infrastructure supports moving this objective to the core set for EPs.  We are also proposing  to keep the objective of “record advance directives” in the menu set for eligible hospitals and CAHs.  As we stated in our Stage 1 final rule (75 FR 44345), we have continuing concerns that there are potential conflicts between storing advance directives and existing State laws.

from page 84 …

(b) Objectives and Measures Carried Over (Modified or Unmodified) from Stage 1

Menu Set to Stage 2 Core Set

We signaled our intent in the Stage 1 final rule to move the objectives from the Stage 1 menu set to the Stage 2 core set. The HIT Policy Committee also recommended that we move all of these objectives to the core set for Stage 2.  We propose to include in the Stage 2 core set all of the objectives and associated measures from the Stage 1 menu set, except for the objective “capability to submit electronic syndromic surveillance data to public health agencies” for EPs, which would remain in the menu set for Stage 2.  As discussed later, we also propose to modify and combine some of these objectives and associated measures for Stage 2.

from page 118 …

(c)  Public Health Objectives

Due to similar considerations among the public health objectives, we are discussing them together.  Some Stage 2 public health objectives are in the core set while others are in the menu set.  Each objective is identified as either core or menu in the below discussion.

•  Capability to submit electronic data to immunization registries or immunization information systems except where prohibited, and in accordance with applicable law and practice.

•  Capability to submit electronic reportable laboratory results to public health agencies, except where prohibited, and in accordance with applicable law and practice.

•  Capability to submit electronic syndromic surveillance data to public health agencies, except where prohibited, and in accordance with applicable law and practice.

•  Capability to identify and report cancer cases to a State cancer registry where authorized, and in accordance with applicable law and practice.

•  Capability to identify and report specific cases to a specialized registry (other than a cancer registry), except where prohibited, and in accordance with applicable law and practice.

We are proposing the following requirements, which would apply to all of the public health objectives and measures.  We propose that actual patient data is required for the meaningful use measures that include ongoing submission of patient data.

There are a growing number of public health agencies partnering with health information exchange (HIE) organizations to facilitate the submission of public health data electronically from EHRs.  As we stated in guidance for Stage 1, (see FAQ at: https://questions.cms.hhs.gov/app/answers/detail/a_id/10764/kw/immunizations) we clarify that such arrangements with HIE organizations, if serving on the behalf of the public health agency to simply transport the data, but not transforming content or message format (for example, HL7 format), are acceptable for the demonstration of meaningful use.  Alternatively, if the intermediary is serving as an extension of the EP, eligible hospital or CAH’s Certified EHR Technology and performing capabilities for which certification is required (for example, transforming the data into the required standard), then that functionality must be certified in accordance with the certification program established by ONC.

•  An eligible provider is required to utilize the transport method or methods

supported by the public health agency in order to achieve meaningful use.

•  Unlike in Stage 1, a failed submission would not meet the objective.  An eligible provider must either have successful ongoing submission or meet exclusion criteria.

•  We expect that CMS,  CDC and public health agencies (PHA) will establish a process where PHAs will be able to provide letters affirming that the EP, eligible hospital or CAH was able to submit the relevant public health data to the PHA.  This affirmation letter could then be used by the EP, eligible hospital or CAH for the Medicare and Medicaid meaningful use attestation systems, as well as in the event of any audit.  We request comments on challenges to implementing this strategy. We will accept a yes/no attestation and information indicating to which public health agency the public health data were submitted to support each of the public health meaningful use measures.

Where a measure states “in accordance with applicable law and practice,” this reflects that some public health jurisdictions may have unique requirements for reporting and that some may not currently accept electronic data reports.  In the former case, the proposed criteria for this objective would not preempt otherwise applicable State or local laws that govern reporting.  In the latter case, EPs, eligible hospitals and CAHs would be excluded from reporting.

from pages 124 …

Proposed Objective:  Capability to submit electronic syndromic surveillance data to public health agencies except where prohibited, and in accordance with applicable law and practice.

This objective is in the Stage 2 core set for eligible hospitals and CAHs and the Stage 2 menu set for EPs.  The Stage 1 objective and measure acknowledged that our nation’s public health IT infrastructure is not universally capable of receiving syndromic surveillance data from Certified EHR Technology, either due to technical or resource readiness.  Given public health IT infrastructure improvements and new implementation guidance, for Stage 2, we are proposing that this objective and measure be in the core set for hospitals and in the menu set for EPs.  It is our understanding from hospitals and the CDC that many hospitals already send syndromic surveillance data.  The CDC has issued the PHIN Messaging Guide for Syndromic Surveillance: Emergency Department and Urgent Care Data [http://www.cdc.gov/ehrmeaningfuluse/Syndromic.html] as cited in the ONC proposed rule on EHR standards and certification.  However, per the CDC and a 2010 survey completed by the Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO), very few public health agencies are currently accepting syndromic surveillance data from ambulatory providers, and there is no corresponding implementation guide at the time of this proposed rule.  CDC is working with the syndromic surveillance community to develop a new implementation guide for ambulatory reporting of syndromic surveillance information, which it expects will be available in the fall of 2012.  We anticipate that Stage 3 might include syndromic surveillance for EPs in the core set if the collection of ambulatory syndromic data becomes a more standard public health practice in the interim.

The HIT Policy Committee recommended making this a core objective for Stage 2 for EPs and hospitals.  However, we are not proposing to adopt their recommendation for EPs.  We specifically invite comment on the proposal to leave syndromic surveillance in the menu set for EPs, while requiring it in the core set for eligible hospitals and CAHs.

Proposed Measure:  Successful ongoing submission of electronic syndromic surveillance data from Certified EHR Technology to a public health agency for the entire EHR reporting period.

Exclusions:  Any EP, eligible hospital or CAH that meets one or more of the following criteria may be excluded from this objective: (1) the EP is not in a category of providers that collect ambulatory syndromic surveillance information on their patients during the EHR reporting period (we expect that the CDC will be issuing (in Spring 2013) the CDC PHIN Messaging Guide for Ambulatory Syndromic Surveillance and we may relay on this guide to determine which categories of EPs would not collect such information); (2) the eligible hospital or CAH does not have an emergency or urgent care department; (3) the EP, eligible hospital, or CAH operates in a jurisdiction for which no public health agency is capable of receiving electronic syndromic surveillance data in the specific standards required by ONC for EHR certification for 2014 at the start of their EHR reporting period; or (4) the EP, eligible hospital, or CAH operates in a jurisdiction for which no public health agency is capable of accepting the specific standards required for Certified EHR Technology at the start of their EHR reporting period.  As was described under the immunization registry measure, the third and fourth exclusions do not apply if the public health agency has designated an HIE to collect this information on its behalf and that HIE can do so in the specific Stage 2 standards and/or the same standard as the provider’s Certified EHR Technology.  An urgent care department delivers ambulatory care, usually on an unscheduled, walk-in basis, in a facility dedicated to the delivery of medical care, but not classified as a hospital emergency department.

Urgent care centers are primarily used to treat patients who have an injury or illness that requires immediate care but is not serious enough to warrant a visit to an emergency department.  Often urgent care centers are not open on a continuous basis, unlike a hospital emergency department which would be open at all times.